This paper mapped HH Voltage Clamp currents with a kinetic model. The fitting was laboriously done by manual search, on much slower machines and using much slower software. It reproduced experimental observations on squid axon action potential better than the original Hodgkin & Huxley equations because the falling phase was smoother, lacking the "gratitous bump".

This scheme needed more attention paid to resting currents because it was found later that the resting condition produced spontaneous spiking activity. With the help of NEURON's new automatic curve fitting routines, I have been able improve the fit at low depolarizations and find a stable resting condition. This improved model is now used in demonstrations in this manual.