Marmont, George, 1949. Studies on the axon membrane; I. A new method. Jour. Cellular and Comparative Physiology 34:351-382.
Marmont made a giant step forward in the electrical measurement and control of axons.
He designed a coaxial electrode whose surface was treated to greatly reduce its resistance to current flow into the axoplasm.
He employed external guard electrodes to insure radial current in the central measurement region.
He designed and built electronic control circuits which were extraordinarily fast and stable - at or beyond the state of the art at that time.
Nevertheless, Cole was unable to convince him of the power of voltage control. Kacy related to me that they had to work out a modus operandi in which they would time share the apparatus. Marmont used current control in the the daytime; at night Kacy would put in his connections to make a voltage clamp.